ANAPHORIC REFERNCE OR ANAPHORA

                It refers backward. When a Linguistic Unit (i.e. a word, a noun, a pronoun etc.) refer ahead to something earlier in the text, “the holy prophet loved Abu Bakar (R.A.), his companion of the cave”. In this example, the phrase “his companion of the cave” refers to Abu Bakar (R.A.) which comes earlier in the text. To understand an Anaphora, we have to view the text backward to reach the real point.

EXAMPLE

                Here is a pen, if you need one.

                In this above sentence, the relationship pen to a one is an example of Anaphora.   

EXAMPLE EXPLAINED

                If you want to understand ‘one’ you have to read the text backward till you reach the noun ‘pen’. Then you understand what is meant by ‘one’.