The Carnot cycle is a hypothetical thermodynamic cycle proposed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824 and extended by others in the 1830s and 1840s. It can be demonstrated that it is the most productive cycle for changing over a given amount of heat vitality into work, or on the other hand, making a temperature distinction (e.g. refrigeration) by doing a given measure of work

Stages of Carnot Cycle:

1) Reversible isothermal expansion of the gas

During this Cycle the gas is permitted to grow and it does work on the surroundings. The temperature of the gas does not change during the processing , and accordingly the expansion is isothermal. The gas development is moved by ingestion of high temperature vitality Q1 and of entropy, from the high temperature reserviour.

2) Isentropic (reversible adiabatic) expansion of the gas

the instruments of the engine are thought to be thermally protected, consequently they not pick up or lose heat. The gas keeps on extending, doing work on the surroundings, and losing a proportional measure of inner vitality or heat. The gas development makes it cool to the “frosty” temperature, T2. The entropy stays unaltered.

3) Reversible isothermal compression of the gas

Now the surroundings to do work on the gas, causing an amount of heat energy Q2 and of entropy to flow out of the gas and to the low temperature reservoir.

4) Isentropic compression of the gas

Once again the mechanisms of the engine are assumed to be thermally insulated. During this step, the surroundings do work on the gas, increasing its internal energy and compressing it, causing the temperature to rise to T1. The entropy remains unchanged.