South Island is the larger of the two major islands of the two major islands of New Zealand and the other one is more Populous North island. It is also known as Mainland. In centre south islands, on limestone rock shelters, Charcoal drawings are found. These drawings are estimated to be between 500 and 800 years old. The first who reached the South Island were the crew of Dutch explorer Abel Tasman from Europe.  James Spencer founded the first European settlement in the south island at bluff. Compared to the more populated and multi-ethnic North Island, the South Island has a smaller, more homogeneous resident population of 1,048,200. The South Island economy is mainly based on the tourism and then the focus is on agriculture. Tourism is a huge earner for the south island. Sightseeing, adventure tourism like glacier climbing and bungee jumping, hiking, kayaking, camping are the most popular tourist activities. There are many parks, which are the attractive points for tourists. The South Island has a State Highway network of 4,921 km. The South Island is a major centre for electricity generation. In south island, there are three large hydro schemes. The Waitaki River is the largest hydroelectric scheme. It had regional stock exchanges