The province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is spread over 12.77 percent of the total area of Pakistan with the cultivated area of 1.65 million hectares. Its plain areas are very fertile and some of the hilly areas also produce good crops. The major crops of the region are wheat, tobacco and Sugarcane. Apart from these crops, rice, maize, vegetables and some other crops are also produced. Wheat is cultivated in almost all areas of the province whether irrigated or barani (Land which depends on rain). The area under the wheat crop in Buner, D.I khan, Mardan, Swat and Swabi was greater than other districts of the province. Peshawar, Mardan, Swabi, Mansehra, D.I Khan and Charsadda showed higher wheat production than other districts in 2008-9 (KPK Division Statistics, 2012-13). The per capita production of wheat in Haripur was the highest.

The irrigation requirements of wheat crop vary with the types of soil and season in which it is grown. The time and amount of irrigation water play an important role in the production of wheat crop in the arid and semi-arid (Raghuwansh, 1989).